BHU UET Chemistry (Class XI & XII Syllabus

BHU UET Chemistry (Class XI & XII: topic-wise syllabus

1. 1

   Physical Chemistry

   ~12 marks

   • Atomic Structure — Subatomic, Models, Quantum Numbers, Orbitals, Aufbau, Pauli, Hund's, Configuration, Photoelectric Effect
   • Periodic Table — IE, EA, EN, Atomic/Ionic Radii, s/p/d/f Blocks, Diagonal Relationship, Isoelectronic
   • Chemical Bonding — Ionic, Covalent, Coordinate, Metallic, Lewis, Octet, Formal Charge, Resonance, VBT, VSEPR, MOT, Hybridization, Polarity, Dipole, H-Bonding, Fajan's Rules
   • States of Matter — Gases (Boyle's, Charles's, Avogadro's, Ideal, Real, vdW, Dalton, Graham, KTG, Effusion, Diffusion, Liquefaction), Liquids (VP, Surface Tension, Viscosity, Refraction), Solids (Crystalline, Amorphous, Unit Cell, Packing, Bragg, Defects, Properties)
   • Thermodynamics — Enthalpy, Entropy, Gibbs, Hess's, Bond Energy, Spontaneity, Kirchoff, Adiabatic Flame Temp, Carnot Efficiency
   • Equilibrium — Kc, Kp, Le Chatelier, Reaction Quotient, Applications, Ionic (Acids, Bases, Salts, pH, Buffer, Hydrolysis, Ksp, Common Ion)
   • Redox — Oxidation Number, Balancing, Equivalent, Oxidizing/Reducing, Redox Titrations
   • Electrochemistry — Galvanic Cell, EMF, Nernst, Electrolysis, Faraday, Conductance, Kohlrausch, Cells (Dry, Lead-Acid, Fuel, Mercury), Corrosion, Batteries
   • Chemical Kinetics — Rate Law, Order, Molecularity, Arrhenius, Activation Energy, Collision Theory, Integrated Rate Equations, Half-Life, Catalyst, Theories (Intermediate, Adsorption)
   • Surface Chemistry — Adsorption (Physical, Chemical, Isotherms), Catalysis, Colloids (Preparation, Properties, Emulsion, Gel, Sol), Coagulation, Hardy-Schulze, Tyndall, Brownian, Electrokinetic
2. 2

   Inorganic Chemistry

   ~10 marks

   • s-Block — Alkali/Alkaline Earth Metals, Diagonal Relationship, Anomalous Properties, Compounds, Biological Importance, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Be
   • Group 13 & 14 — B, C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb — Properties, Compounds, Allotropes, Borax, Boric Acid, Boranes, Silicones, Silicates, Glass, Ceramics
   • Group 15 — N, P, As, Sb, Bi — Properties, Compounds, Oxoacids, Hydrides, Halides, Allotropes of Phosphorus, Fertilizers, DAP, Urea, NPK
   • Group 16 — O, S, Se, Te, Po — Properties, Compounds, Oxoacids, Ozone, Allotropes, Contact Process, Sulfuric Acid, Pollution
   • Group 17 — Halogens, Properties, Compounds, Interhalogens, Oxoacids, HCl, Aqua Regia, Fluorocarbons, Freons, Ozone Depletion
   • Group 18 — Noble Gases, Properties, Compounds (Xenon Fluorides, Oxides), Clathrates, Uses
   • d-Block & f-Block — Transition Metals, Properties, Color, Magnetism, Catalysis, Alloy Formation, Lanthanide Contraction, Actinides, Transuranic Elements, Indian Monazite, Thorium
   • Coordination Compounds — Werner's, IUPAC, Isomerism, VBT, CFT, Color, Magnetic Properties, Stability, Applications (EDTA, Cisplatin, Hemoglobin, Chlorophyll, Vitamin B12)
   • General Metallurgy — Occurrence, Concentration, Extraction, Refining, Ellingham, Iron (Cast, Wrought, Steel), Copper, Zinc, Aluminium, Alloys, Brass, Bronze, Solder, Duralumin
   • Qualitative Analysis — Group Analysis, Detection of Cations, Anions, Flame Test, Borax Bead, Microcosmic Salt
3. 3

   Organic Chemistry

   ~18 marks

   • Basics — IUPAC, Isomerism (Structural, Stereo — Geometrical, Optical, Conformational), Electronic Effects, Reactive Intermediates (Carbocation, Carbanion, Free Radical, Nitrene, Benzyne), Reaction Mechanisms, Arrow Notation, Types of Reactions (Substitution, Addition, Elimination, Rearrangement, Condensation)
   • Purification & Characterization — Crystallization, Sublimation, Distillation (Simple, Fractional, Steam, Vacuum), Chromatography (TLC, Column, Paper, Gas, HPLC), Elemental Analysis (C, H, N, S, X), IR, NMR, Mass Spec, UV-Vis
   • Hydrocarbons — Alkanes (Preparation, Properties, Free Radical Halogenation, Cracking, Reforming, Conformations, Sawhorse, Newman), Alkenes (Markovnikov, Anti-Markovnikov, Peroxide Effect, Hydration, Ozonolysis, Polymerization, Hydroboration, Wittig, Allylic Bromination), Alkynes (Acidity, Addition Reactions, Ozonolysis, Metal-Ammonia Reduction), Aromatic (Benzene, Aromaticity, Hückel, Electrophilic Substitution, Directive Influence, Polynuclear Hydrocarbons, Carcinogenicity)
   • Haloalkanes & Haloarenes — SN1, SN2, E1, E2, Grignard, Organometallics, Wurtz, Wurtz-Fittig, Fittig, Finkelstein, Swarts, Polyhalogen (DDT, BHC, Freon, Carbon Tet), Environmental Effects (Ozone, Green Chemistry)
   • Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers — Preparation, Properties, Reactions, Acidity, Identification, Williamson Synthesis, Epoxide, Ascent/Descent of Series, Cumene Hydroperoxide, Bakelite, Nylon, Picric Acid
   • Aldehydes & Ketones — Nucleophilic Addition, Aldol, Cannizzaro, Crossed Aldol, Claisen, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Tollens, Fehling, Benedict, Schiff, 2,4-DNP, Semicarbazide, Reformatsky, Knoevenagel, Wittig, Mannich, Benzoin Condensation, Cannizzaro, MPV, Carboxylic Acids (Preparation, Properties, Acidity, Strength, Derivatives: Esters, Amides, Acid Chlorides, Anhydrides, Uses, Asprin), Substitution (α, Halogenation, HVZ)
   • Amines — Classification, Basicity (Order), Preparation, Reactions (Hofmann, Carbylamine, Diazotization, Coupling, Sandmeyer, Schiemann, Mendius, Hinsberg), Diazonium Salts, Nitro Compounds, Isocyanide, Urea, Sulpha Drugs, Importance
   • Biomolecules — Carbohydrates (Mono, Di, Polysaccharides, Osazone, Asymmetry, Epimers, Mutarotation, Killiani-Fischer, Ruff), Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins (Structure, Denaturation, Isoelectric, Electrophoresis, Enzymes, Michaelis-Menten), Lipids, Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA, Replication, Transcription, Translation, Genetic Code, Mutations, Lac Operon), Vitamins, Hormones, Steroids, ATP, NAD, FAD
   • Polymers — Natural (Starch, Cellulose, Protein, Rubber, Silk, Wool), Synthetic (PE, PP, PS, PVC, PMMA, Teflon, Nylon, Polyester, Bakelite, Melamine, Conducting, Biodegradable), Addition, Condensation, Rubber (Natural, Synthetic, Vulcanization, Neoprene, Buna-S, Buna-N), Tacticity, Molecular Weight, Glass Transition, Applications
   • Chemistry in Everyday Life — Drugs (Antimicrobials, Analgesics, Antipyretics, Tranquilizers, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Antiseptics, Disinfectants, Antimicrobials, Antifertility, Antihistamines, Cardiovascular, Antacids), Food Preservatives, Artificial Sweeteners, Antioxidants, Cleansing Agents (Soaps, Detergents, Hard/Soft), Rocket Propellants, Structural Materials, Silicones, Alloys
   • Environmental Chemistry — Atmospheric Pollution (CO, CO2, NOx, SO2, SPM, Acid Rain, Greenhouse, Ozone, Photochemical Smog, PAN), Water Pollution (BOD, COD, DO, Eutrophication, Algal Bloom), Soil Pollution, Industrial Waste, Green Chemistry, Sustainable Development, 3R, E-Waste
   • Spectroscopy & Structural Methods — UV-Vis (π→π*, n→π*, Beer's Law, Chromophore, Auxochrome, Bathochromic, Hypsochromic, Hyperchromic, Hypochromic), IR (Functional Group Region, Fingerprint Region, Stretching, Bending, H-Bonding, Conjugation), NMR (¹H, ¹³C, Chemical Shift, TMS, Splitting, Coupling Constant, Integration), Mass Spec (M+, Base Peak, Fragmentation, McLafferty), Combined Applications
   • Heterocyclic Compounds — Furan, Pyrrole, Thiophene, Pyridine, Indole, Quinoline, Isoquinoline — Properties, Reactions, Aromaticity, Hantzsch, Paal-Knorr, Skraup, Fischer, Indole Synthesis
4. 4

   Analytical & Practical Chemistry

   ~5 marks

   • Qualitative Analysis — Group I-VI Cation Analysis (Pb, Cu, Bi, Cd, As, Sb, Sn, Fe, Al, Cr, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH4+), Anion Analysis (CO3²⁻, S²⁻, SO3²⁻, SO4²⁻, NO2⁻, NO3⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻, PO4³⁻, BO3³⁻, F⁻, CH3COO⁻, Oxalate, Tartrate), Interfering Anions, Dry Tests
   • Quantitative Analysis — Acid-Base, Redox (Permanganometry, Dichromatometry, Iodometry, Iodimetry), Complexometric (EDTA, Back Titration), Precipitation (Mohr's, Volhard's, Fajan's), Indicators, Calculations
   • Instrumental Methods — pH Meter, Conductometry (Acid-Base, Precipitation), Potentiometry (Redox, ISE), Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry, Chromatography (Paper, TLC, Column, GC, HPLC), Electrophoresis, Thermal (TGA, DTA, DSC), Polarography
   • Lab Safety, MSDS, Reagent Preparation, Standard Solutions, Calibration, Glassware, Error Analysis, Significant Figures, GLP, Hazardous Chemicals, First Aid
   • Stoichiometry — Mole Concept, Equivalent Weights, Empirical/Molecular Formula, Limiting Reagent, Yield, Concentration (Molarity, Molality, Normality, ppm, %w/w, %w/v, %v/v), Dilution Formula