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NEET UG Biology Syllabus

National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)

11
Topics
116
Sub-topics
50
Questions

Biology is one of 4 sections in the NEET UG syllabus. It has 11 topics and 116 sub-topics, tested in Biology — Botany, with about 50 questions (50 marks). Botany (Class XI & XII NCERT).

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NEET UG Biology: topic-wise syllabus

  1. 1

    Plant Diversity

    ~4 marks

    Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms (Classification, Life Cycle, Economic Importance), Fungi, Lichens, Mycorrhiza, Virus, Viroid, Prions, Plant Diseases

    • Plant Diversity — Algae
    • Bryophytes
    • Pteridophytes
    • Gymnosperms
    • Angiosperms (Classification, Life Cycle, Economic Importance)
    • Fungi
    • Lichens
    • Mycorrhiza
    • Virus
    • Viroid
    • Prions
    • Plant Diseases
  2. 2

    Plant Anatomy & Morphology

    ~3 marks

    Tissues (Meristematic, Permanent — Simple, Complex), Tissue Systems (Dermal, Ground, Vascular), Anatomy of Root, Stem, Leaf, Inflorescence, Flower, Fruit, Seed, Modifications

    • Plant Anatomy & Morphology — Tissues (Meristematic, Permanent — Simple, Complex)
    • Tissue Systems (Dermal, Ground, Vascular)
    • Anatomy of Root
    • Stem
    • Leaf
    • Inflorescence
    • Flower
    • Fruit
    • Seed
    • Modifications
  3. 3

    Plant Physiology

    ~6 marks

    Water Relations (Diffusion, Osmosis, Plasmolysis, Water Potential), Mineral Nutrition (Essential, Deficiency, Toxicity, Hydroponics), Photosynthesis (Light Reaction, Dark Reaction — C3, C4, CAM, Photorespiration, Factors), Respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs, ETS, Fermentation, RQ), Plant Growth Regulators (Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, ABA, Ethylene), Photoperiodism, Vernalization, Senescence, Stress Physiology

    • Plant Physiology — Water Relations (Diffusion, Osmosis, Plasmolysis, Water Potential)
    • Mineral Nutrition (Essential, Deficiency, Toxicity, Hydroponics)
    • Photosynthesis (Light Reaction, Dark Reaction — C3, C4, CAM, Photorespiration, Factors)
    • Respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs, ETS, Fermentation, RQ)
    • Plant Growth Regulators (Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, ABA, Ethylene)
    • Photoperiodism
    • Vernalization
    • Senescence
    • Stress Physiology
  4. 4

    Plant Reproduction

    ~4 marks

    Asexual (Vegetative — Cutting, Layering, Grafting, Tissue Culture), Sexual (Flower Structure, Microsporogenesis, Megasporogenesis, Pollination — Self, Cross, Agents, Pollen Pistil Interaction, Fertilization, Endosperm, Embryo, Fruit, Seed), Apomixis, Polyembryony, Parthenocarpy

    • Plant Reproduction — Asexual (Vegetative — Cutting, Layering, Grafting, Tissue Culture)
    • Sexual (Flower Structure, Microsporogenesis, Megasporogenesis, Pollination — Self, Cross, Agents, Pollen Pistil Interaction, Fertilization, Endosperm, Embryo, Fruit, Seed)
    • Apomixis
    • Polyembryony
    • Parthenocarpy
  5. 5

    Cell Biology & Biomolecules

    ~5 marks

    Cell Theory, Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic, Cell Wall, Cell Membrane (Fluid Mosaic), Cell Organelles (Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, ER, Golgi, Lysosome, Ribosome, Peroxisome, Vacuole, Cytoskeleton, Centrosome), Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Biomolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Enzymes)

    • Cell Biology & Biomolecules — Cell Theory
    • Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
    • Cell Wall
    • Cell Membrane (Fluid Mosaic)
    • Cell Organelles (Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, ER, Golgi, Lysosome, Ribosome, Peroxisome, Vacuole, Cytoskeleton, Centrosome)
    • Cell Cycle
    • Mitosis
    • Meiosis
    • Biomolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Enzymes)
  6. 6

    Genetics

    ~7 marks

    Mendelian (Laws, Monohybrid, Dihybrid, Back Cross, Test Cross, Incomplete Dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple Alleles, Pleiotropy, Polygenic, Epistasis), Linkage, Crossing Over, Sex Determination, Sex Linkage, Mutations (Spontaneous, Induced, Point, Frame Shift, Silent, Missense, Nonsense), Chromosomal (Structural, Numerical, Polyploidy, Aneuploidy, Euploidy), Pedigree Analysis, DNA (Replication, Transcription, Translation), Genetic Code, Gene Regulation (Lac Operon), DNA Fingerprinting, Recombinant DNA, PCR, Gene Therapy, Genome Projects, Genomics, Human Genome, Bioinformatics, DNA Barcoding, Recent Advances

    • Genetics — Mendelian (Laws, Monohybrid, Dihybrid, Back Cross, Test Cross, Incomplete Dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple Alleles, Pleiotropy, Polygenic, Epistasis)
    • Linkage
    • Crossing Over
    • Sex Determination
    • Sex Linkage
    • Mutations (Spontaneous, Induced, Point, Frame Shift, Silent, Missense, Nonsense)
    • Chromosomal (Structural, Numerical, Polyploidy, Aneuploidy, Euploidy)
    • Pedigree Analysis
    • DNA (Replication, Transcription, Translation)
    • Genetic Code
    • Gene Regulation (Lac Operon)
    • DNA Fingerprinting
    • Recombinant DNA
    • PCR
    • Gene Therapy
    • Genome Projects
    • Genomics
    • Human Genome
    • Bioinformatics
    • DNA Barcoding
    • Recent Advances
  7. 7

    Evolution

    ~3 marks

    Origin of Life, Theories (Lamarckism, Darwinism, Mutation, Modern Synthetic), Evidences (Morphological, Anatomical, Embryological, Palaeontological, Biochemical), Adaptive Radiation, Hardy-Weinberg, Genetic Drift, Speciation (Allopatric, Sympatric, Parapatric), Isolation Mechanisms, Origin & Evolution of Man, Plate Tectonics, Geological Time Scale, Recent Advances

    • Evolution — Origin of Life
    • Theories (Lamarckism, Darwinism, Mutation, Modern Synthetic)
    • Evidences (Morphological, Anatomical, Embryological, Palaeontological, Biochemical)
    • Adaptive Radiation
    • Hardy-Weinberg
    • Genetic Drift
    • Speciation (Allopatric, Sympatric, Parapatric)
    • Isolation Mechanisms
    • Origin & Evolution of Man
    • Plate Tectonics
    • Geological Time Scale
    • Recent Advances
  8. 8

    Ecology

    ~6 marks

    Ecosystem (Structure, Function, Productivity, Energy Flow, Food Chain, Web, Ecological Pyramids, Biogeochemical Cycles — Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus), Biodiversity (Patterns, Importance, Hotspots, Endemic, Endangered, Extinct, Conservation — In situ, Ex situ, Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Sacred Groves, Hotspots), Population (Density, Natality, Mortality, Age Distribution, Growth Models, Carrying Capacity, Interactions — Competition, Predation, Mutualism, Commensalism, Amensalism, Parasitism), Community (Structure, Stratification, Ecotone, Edge Effect, Ecological Niche, Succession), Environmental Issues (Pollution, Climate Change, Greenhouse, Ozone, Acid Rain, Eutrophication, Algal Bloom, Biomagnification, E-Waste), Sustainable Development, Recent Initiatives

    • Ecology — Ecosystem (Structure, Function, Productivity, Energy Flow, Food Chain, Web, Ecological Pyramids, Biogeochemical Cycles — Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus)
    • Biodiversity (Patterns, Importance, Hotspots, Endemic, Endangered, Extinct, Conservation — In situ, Ex situ, Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Sacred Groves, Hotspots)
    • Population (Density, Natality, Mortality, Age Distribution, Growth Models, Carrying Capacity, Interactions — Competition, Predation, Mutualism, Commensalism, Amensalism, Parasitism)
    • Community (Structure, Stratification, Ecotone, Edge Effect, Ecological Niche, Succession)
    • Environmental Issues (Pollution, Climate Change, Greenhouse, Ozone, Acid Rain, Eutrophication, Algal Bloom, Biomagnification, E-Waste)
    • Sustainable Development
    • Recent Initiatives
  9. 9

    Biotechnology

    ~6 marks

    Principles, Tools (Restriction Enzymes, Vectors — Plasmid, Phage, Cosmid, BAC, YAC, Binary, Shuttle; Hosts, Cloning, Selection, Markers, Reporter), Processes (rDNA, PCR, Blotting — Southern, Northern, Western, ELISA, RIA, Sequencing — Sanger, NGS, Microarray, FISH, Hybridoma, Monoclonal Antibodies, CRISPR-Cas, Gene Editing, Gene Silencing — RNAi, Antisense), Applications (GM Crops — Bt, Golden Rice, Flavr Savr, Insulin, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Gene Therapy — SCID, ADA, Cystic Fibrosis, Thalassemia, Cancer, Vaccines, Edible Vaccines, Biopharmaceuticals, Transgenics — Animals, Plants, Biosafety, Bioethics, IPR, GM Food, Biosafty Protocol, Cartagena Protocol, GM Crops in India, GEAC, Recent Advances, Stem Cells, Cloning, Biobanking, Biofortification, Recent Topics), Bioinformatics (Databases — GenBank, PDB, BLAST, FASTA, Multiple Sequence Alignment, Phylogenetics, Drug Design, Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, Pharmacogenomics, Personalised Medicine, Recent Advances)

    • Biotechnology — Principles
    • Tools (Restriction Enzymes, Vectors — Plasmid, Phage, Cosmid, BAC, YAC, Binary, Shuttle; Hosts, Cloning, Selection, Markers, Reporter)
    • Processes (rDNA, PCR, Blotting — Southern, Northern, Western, ELISA, RIA, Sequencing — Sanger, NGS, Microarray, FISH, Hybridoma, Monoclonal Antibodies, CRISPR-Cas, Gene Editing, Gene Silencing — RNAi, Antisense)
    • Applications (GM Crops — Bt, Golden Rice, Flavr Savr, Insulin, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Gene Therapy — SCID, ADA, Cystic Fibrosis, Thalassemia, Cancer, Vaccines, Edible Vaccines, Biopharmaceuticals, Transgenics — Animals, Plants, Biosafety, Bioethics, IPR, GM Food, Biosafty Protocol, Cartagena Protocol, GM Crops in India, GEAC, Recent Advances, Stem Cells, Cloning, Biobanking, Biofortification, Recent Topics)
    • Bioinformatics (Databases — GenBank, PDB, BLAST, FASTA, Multiple Sequence Alignment, Phylogenetics, Drug Design, Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, Pharmacogenomics, Personalised Medicine, Recent Advances)
  10. 10

    Plant Breeding

    ~3 marks

    Objectives, Methods (Introduction, Selection — Pure Line, Mass, Clonal, Hybridization — Intervarietal, Interspecific, Intergeneric, Backcross, Pedigree, Bulk, SSD, MARS, GWS, Mutation, Polyploidy, Distant Hybridization, Genetic Engineering, Marker-Assisted), Resistance Breeding (Biotic, Abiotic), Variety Release (DUS, PPVFRA, Seed Act, IPR, NBPGR, Genetic Resources), Achievements (Green Revolution, White, Blue, Yellow, Recent), National Seeds Corporation, Recent Advances

    • Plant Breeding — Objectives
    • Methods (Introduction, Selection — Pure Line, Mass, Clonal, Hybridization — Intervarietal, Interspecific, Intergeneric, Backcross, Pedigree, Bulk, SSD, MARS, GWS, Mutation, Polyploidy, Distant Hybridization, Genetic Engineering, Marker-Assisted)
    • Resistance Breeding (Biotic, Abiotic)
    • Variety Release (DUS, PPVFRA, Seed Act, IPR, NBPGR, Genetic Resources)
    • Achievements (Green Revolution, White, Blue, Yellow, Recent)
    • National Seeds Corporation
    • Recent Advances
  11. 11

    Economic Botany & Plant Resources

    ~3 marks

    Cereals (Rice, Wheat, Maize, Millets), Pulses, Oilseeds, Fibre (Cotton, Jute), Sugar, Beverages, Spices, Timber, Rubber, Drug-yielding (Cinchona, Belladonna, Opium, Cannabis, Digitalis, Taxol), Fumitories, Masticatories, Condiments, Essential Oils, Medicinal Plants, Ethnobotany, Biodiversity, Conservation, Recent Advances

    • Economic Botany & Plant Resources — Cereals (Rice, Wheat, Maize, Millets)
    • Pulses
    • Oilseeds
    • Fibre (Cotton, Jute)
    • Sugar
    • Beverages
    • Spices
    • Timber
    • Rubber
    • Drug-yielding (Cinchona, Belladonna, Opium, Cannabis, Digitalis, Taxol)
    • Fumitories
    • Masticatories
    • Condiments
    • Essential Oils
    • Medicinal Plants
    • Ethnobotany
    • Biodiversity
    • Conservation
    • Recent Advances

Frequently asked questions

What topics are in the NEET UG Biology syllabus?

Biology for NEET UG has 11 topics: Plant Diversity, Plant Anatomy & Morphology, Plant Physiology, Plant Reproduction, Cell Biology & Biomolecules, Genetics, Evolution, Ecology, Biotechnology, Plant Breeding and 1 more, with 116 sub-topics in all.

How many questions come from Biology in NEET UG?

About 50 questions (50 marks) in Biology — Botany. Always check the latest notification, as numbers can change.

Which Biology topics matter most for NEET UG?

By weightage in the syllabus data: Genetics (~7 marks), Plant Physiology (~6 marks), Ecology (~6 marks).

How do I practise NEET UG Biology on Topicly?

Pick a topic above and study it your way — step-by-step chat, a quiz, a formula sheet or a voice call with Sia. Topicly tracks each sub-topic so you know what's left. It's free to start.

Compiled from official notifications for study purposes. Always confirm with the conducting body's latest notification.