UP JUDICIARY Hindu Law Syllabus

UP JUDICIARY Hindu Law: topic-wise syllabus

1. 1

   Sources and Schools of Hindu Law

   • Ancient Sources: Shruti, Smriti, Digest, Commentaries, Custom
   • Modern Sources: Legislation, Equity, Justice, Good Conscience, Precedent
   • Mitakshara School (Benares, Mithila, Dravida, Maharashtra branches)
   • Dayabhaga School (Bengal and Assam): Differences from Mitakshara
   • Who is Hindu: Application of Hindu Law (Section 2, Hindu Marriage Act)
2. 2

   Hindu Marriage Act, 1955

   Marriage

   • Conditions for Hindu Marriage (Section 5): Monogamy, Age, Sapinda, Degrees of Prohibited Relationship
   • Ceremonies and Registration (Sections 7-8): Saptapadi, Vivaha Homa
   • Void and Voidable Marriages (Sections 11-12): Bigamy, Sapinda Relationship, Impotency, Consent
   • Restitution of Conjugal Rights (Section 9): Scope, Defence: Reasonable Excuse
   • Judicial Separation (Section 10): Grounds, No Bar to Divorce
   • Case Law: Pinninti Venkataramana v State (Bigamy); Sarla Mudgal v Union of India (Conversion)
3. 3

   Divorce and Maintenance

   • Grounds for Divorce (Section 13): Adultery, Cruelty, Desertion, Conversion, Insanity, Leprosy
   • Special Grounds for Wife (Section 13(2)): Pre-Act Marriage, Rape, Option of Puberty
   • Divorce by Mutual Consent (Section 13B): 6 Month Separation
   • Irretrievable Breakdown of Marriage: Judicial Recognition sans Legislation
   • Maintenance (Section 24): Pendente Lite, Permanent Alimony (Section 25)
   • Case Law: Naveen Kohli v Neelu Kohli (Irretrievable Breakdown); Shabana Bano v Imran Khan (Muslim Wife's Right under Section 125)
4. 4

   Joint Hindu Family, Coparcenary, and Karta

   • Mitakshara Joint Family: Concept of Coparcenary, Sapinda Relationship
   • Coparcenary Property vs Separate Property: Four Sources
   • Karta: Position, Powers (Alienation: Legal Necessity, Benefit of Estate), Limitations
   • Partition (Vibhaga): Severance of Status, Mode, Reopening, Reunion
   • 2005 Amendment: Daughter as Coparcener by Birth (Section 6)
   • Case Law: Prakash v Phulavati (2005 Amendment Retrospective); Vineeta Sharma v Rakesh Sharma (Daughter's Coparcenary Right)
5. 5

   Hindu Succession Act, 1956

   • Intestate Succession (Section 8): Class I Heirs (Schedule), Class II Heirs, Agnates, Cognates
   • Devolution of Interest in Coparcenary (Section 6 as amended 2005)
   • Property of Female Hindu (Section 14): Full Owner, Restricted Estate Abolished, Exceptions
   • General Rules of Succession (Sections 18-23): Full Blood Preferred, Predeceased Child
   • Murderer Disqualified (Section 25), Succession of Widow Re-marrying (Section 24, now repealed)
   • Case Law: V Tulasamma v Sesha Reddy (Section 14); C Masilamani v Idol of Sri Swaminathaswami
6. 6

   Adoption, Guardianship, and Wills

   • Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956: Capacity (Section 7-8), Ceremonies (Section 11), Effects (Section 12)
   • Who Can Give in Adoption (Section 9), Who Can Be Adopted (Section 10)
   • Maintenance of Wife, Widowed Daughter-in-law, Parents (Sections 18-22)
   • Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956: Natural Guardian (Section 6), Powers (Section 8)
   • Wills: Testate Succession, Indian Succession Act 1925 applicable